Penalty for drug trafficking in afghanistan book

Mar 29, 2021 of the 33 convictions, sentences ranged from three months to 10 years imprisonment. News about drug trafficking in afghanistan, including commentary and. In 1988, the regime began to impose the death penalty, usually a public hanging, on any iranian in possession of over five kilograms of opium or hashish, a cannabisbased drug, or more than 30 grams of heroin, morphine, or codeine. Cultivation and production of opium in afghanistan have skyrocketed since the. Drug trafficking is a major source of revenue for organised crime groups, many of. As a direct result of department of justice and inl support, afghanistan has passed and enforces a robust drug law, administers a secure facility in which defendants are tried and held, and deploys highly trained legal practitioners to conduct the cases, resulting in over 2,355 appellate court convictions since 2009. A 2014 bangkok post article said that mahidol university lecturer srisombat chokprajakchats survey indicated more than 41% of thais nationwide want to keep the death penalty on the books, but only 8% want to scrap capital punishment, with the majority undecided.

Nov 14, 2017 the amendments to the law, which came into effect on november 14, increase the threshold for the use of the death penalty. After decades of changes in drug use culture, asia, specifically southeast asia, is now the worlds largest amphetaminetype stimulants ats producer. Hence tough laws are needed to deal with drug dealers. Aug 01, 2019 since aan was established ten years ago, drugs have often featured in our reporting, both directly and indirectly. Consumption of illegal drugs is widespread globally and it remains very difficult for local authorities to. But south korea has not had an execution for any offense since 1997. The book provides an ethnography of drug production in the tribal areas of northwest pakistan and. According to united nations drug control experts, 80 percent of heroin consumed in western europe originates in afghanistan and pakistan.

The court has also said the social consequences of the criminal trade in. Illicit drugs produced in asia are consumed inside the region or trafficked to other continents, which raises the significant social, political, and legal consequences for asia and beyond. Section 33aa of the drug misuse and trafficking act increases the maximum penalty for offences involving supply to persons under 16 years under ss 25 1a, 25 2a as well as aidabet commission of offences under ss 2628. October 2007 fifteen prisoners were executed by shooting inside pulecharkhi prison in kabul, including reza khan. Last execution for drug trafficking offense is on 7 october 2002. Maria elvira pinto exposto, from sydneys south west, faced the federal court on tuesday, where her. The prescribed penalty under this law included up to 10 years imprisonment if the trafficking offense involved an adult victim and a penalty of 10 years imprisonment if the offense involved a child victim. An overview of drug trafficking in pakistan modern diplomacy. International terrorism and drug trafficking from afghanistan addresses an issue that directly impacts the prospects for resolution of the current insurgency in that nation.

Drugs, security, and counternarcotics policies in afghanistan. Department of state, between 1996 and 2000, over 600 terrorist incidents occurred against the united states of america. Drug trafficking is a major and ongoing issue in iran. These efforts reduce the amount of crime and illegal drugs reaching u. If the drugs are sold to underage people, then the penalties for trafficking may be harsher than in other circumstances. A sydney grandmother convicted of drug trafficking in malaysia and faced the death penalty has had her conviction thrown out by the countrys highest court and she will walk free. Capital punishment is a legal penalty in afghanistan. However, for anyone seeking to understand afghanistan s economy, peoples livelihoods and the political economy of elections, appointments and insurgency. Two main lines of argument are commonly advanced 1.

Each chapter examines how drug trafficking affects a particular security issue, such as rogue nations, weak and failing states, protracted intrastate conflicts, terrorism, transnational crime, public health, and cyber security. Sentencing may include lengthy periods of incarceration, flogging and even the death penalty in singapore, malaysia, indonesia and elsewhere. Apr 01, 2021 article 511 increased the penalties for trafficking offenses by prescribing penalties of five to 10 years imprisonment for trafficking offenses involving adult male victims, and 10 to 16 years imprisonment if the victim was a woman or child, or exploited in bacha bazi. Unlike in most other countries, the authorities in iran routinely execute their citizens for using and trafficking drugs. Drug trafficking is trade in illegal drugs and involves a global black market that is involved in a chain of activities before the drugs get to the consumer. Thirty years of americas drug war drug wars frontline pbs. Afghanistan is the source for more than 90 per cent of the worlds heroin supply, much of it destined for europe, according to the united nations. Drug trafficking and the 2014 transition congressional research service 3 drugs in afghanistan. Mansfields book examines why drug control has been imposed in afghanistan.

Afghanistan offenders who possess, use, or traffic illegal drugs in afghanistan face severe penalties and can face lengthy jail sentences and large fines. The arellanofelix brothers are charged with 10 counts of drug trafficking, conspiracy, money laundering and aiding and abetting violent crimes. Iran is a key transshipment point for southwest asian heroin between afghanistan and europe. The politics and economics of drug production on the pakistan. The problem has been exacerbated during the past few years. Amend chapter 5 of the penal code to increase the penalties for bacha baz. Drug trafficking and international security peace and. April 2004 abdullah shah executed inside the pulecharkhi prison outside kabul. Article 511 prescribed penalties of five to 10 years imprisonment for trafficking offenses involving adult male victims and 10 to 16 years imprisonment if the victim was a woman or child, or exploited in bacha baz. The nexus of drug trafficking and hawala in afghanistan. Three sentences resulted in inadequate penalties of three months imprisonment. Vietnam and the mekongs synthetic drug epidemic the. In the bestselling book state of war, author james risen described an army.

Sydney grandmother who faced death penalty for drugs. While some drugs are legal to possess and sell, in most areas laws do not allow the trade of some drugs those drugs often include heroin, cocaine, marijuana or others. Since the majority of death row cases in singapore have to do with drug offences, the rest of this piece will focus on the death penalty for drugs. Emcdda technical report drug trafficking penalties across the european union 4 drug trafficking penalties an introduction since 1961, three united nations conventions have recommended that the unauthorised supply of narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances should be treated as a criminal offence, punishable by. The following is a list of some state executions carried out by the government of afghanistan. Jul 23, 2017 critics say the extensive use of the death penalty has done little to stop drug use and trafficking in the country that is on a major transit route for drugs smuggled from afghanistan. Drug dealers kill thousands of people over the course of their lives through drugs. Both penalties were sufficiently stringent and, with respect to sex trafficking, commensurate with the penalties prescribed for. Drug smuggling carries severe penalties in many countries. Why iran quietly abolished death penalty for some drug crimes. Technical report drug trafficking penalties across the. Refworld 2017 trafficking in persons report afghanistan.

Dec 03, 2018 the offence of supplying dangerous drugs s 6 drug misuse act attracts a penalty of up to 25 years imprisonment if the drug supplied is a sch 1 drug or 20 years if it is a sch 2 drug, and a circumstance of aggravation applies where the drug is supplied by an adult a person 18 years or over to. May 05, 2009 afghanistan offenders who possess, use, or traffic illegal drugs in afghanistan face severe penalties and can face lengthy jail sentences and large fines. News iran eases death penalty laws for drug traffickers. Jul, 2009 drug trafficking is seen as heinous, corrupting of the nations youth, disruptive of traditional values, often foreign in origin and immensely profitable for its perpetrators. Drug trafficking in afghanistan the new york times. Drug trafficking therefore makes traditional understandings of international security inadequate. Those drugs often include heroin, cocaine, marijuana or others. Afghanistan has been the worlds leading illicit drug producer since 2001. Capital punishment is a legal penalty in afghanistan the following is a list of some state executions carried out by the government of afghanistan.

The patterns of illicit drug production and distribution have seen transitions as a result of social, economic and political developments in the region. The illegal drug trade or drug trafficking is a global black market and includes the growing, making, distribution, and sale of illegal drugs. So were going to have to get much, much tougher in terms of penalty. Drug traffickers may punished with time in prison for several years. Refworld 2018 trafficking in persons report afghanistan. President trumps claim that death sentences would stop. Afghan opiate trafficking along the northern route v acknowledgements the report afghan opiate trafficking along the northern route was prepared by the afghan opiate trade project. Experts say that there is a nexus between drug traffickers of india and that of other countries such as afghanistan, malaysia and burma. Mena, afghanistan is an indispensable component shaping the regions drug trafficking dynamics given its role as the main source of heroin. The eavesdropping is sanctioned under afghan law so long as it is approved by a. Your institution does not have access to this book on jstor.

Iran eases death penalty laws for drug traffickers news. The drug misuse and trafficking act 1985 prohibits the cultivation, manufacture, supply, possession and use of certain drugs. Drug abuse and drug trafficking in asia springerlink. Nov 26, 2019 harsh and mandatory penalties for drug trafficking were introduced in southeast asia after intense lobbying by the united states amid its war on drugs and a strategy to curb heroine and opium. Cias addiction to afghanistan war strategic culture. Colombia criminal penalties countryreports countryreports. The death penalty has failed to reduce drug trafficking in iran, a senior iranian judiciary official said on saturday shortly before the scheduled execution of 12 people for narcoticsrelated.

Aide says afghan drug trade pays for terrorist attacks. The court of criminal appeal has said many times that the need for general deterrence is high in cases involving dealing in and supplying prohibited drugs. Mmmo crime and law substance related offence drug offence. Drug trafficking is seen as heinous, corrupting of the nations youth, disruptive of traditional values, often foreign in origin and immensely profitable for its perpetrators. A new book by paula bronstein features a collection of her photographs taken in. Drug policy and the war in afghanistan swansea university. In a dramatic illustration of the new policy, major drug traffickers who help. Raise awareness of trafficking at the local level, including its definition, law enforcement and social service resources available, and community prevention efforts. In some countries, the crime carries the death penalty. Article 511 prescribed penalties of five to 10 years imprisonment for trafficking offenses involving adult male victims and 10 to 16 years imprisonment if the victim was a. Drugs and counternarcotics efforts are not a priority for either afghan politicians or foreign donors at this time. Central asia has recently emerged as a major international drug trafficking center. Afghanistan is emerging from 40 years of conflict and lacks a strong foundation for counternarcotics and rule of law.

Iranian lawmakers have amended the countrys strict laws on narcotics, making it harder to put people to death for drug related crimes. To attract the cooperation and assistance of national and international organizations in the task of combating cultivation, trafficking and use of narcotic drugs, psychotropic substances, and the chemical precursors used in their. Afghanistans opium poppy harvest produces more than 90% of illicit heroin globally. The eavesdropping is sanctioned under afghan law so long as it is approved b. The governments law enforcement response to forced and bonded labor in particular is unknown as case details or types were not provided. Eradication and bans on opium poppy cultivation, often suffered by the.

Crossborder tribal and ethnic affiliations allow for traffickers to build the networks they require. These core policies that have contributed to the soaring rise in opium cultivation cannot be separated from. Variations in opium poppy production in afghanistan had long been. Illegal drug trade simple english wikipedia, the free. Legal penalty under narcotics hazard prevention act, though rarely enforced in recent years.

Retentionist argumentstwo main lines of argument are commonly advanced 1. Penalties for possession, use, or trafficking of illegal drugs in colombia are severe, and convicted offenders can expect long prison sentences under harsh conditions, with significant expense and great hardship for themselves and their families. Bureau of international narcotics and law enforcement. Afghanistan is seen as a major drug producer, but its own people are becoming the victims. Some estimates put international drug trafficking as one of the most lucratively traded. The trafficking of opiates out of afghanistan to the outside consumer markets is a highly lucrative business. Article 511 increased the penalties for trafficking offenses by prescribing penalties of five to 10 years imprisonment for trafficking offenses involving adult male victims, and 10 to 16 years imprisonment if the victim was a woman or child, or exploited in bacha bazi. Sep 18, 2020 the death penalty exists as a punishment for a multitude of offences in singapore, but its generally used for three main ones in this order. The death penalty for drugs in singapore we, the citizens.

Several countries use the death penalty to punish people for drug trafficking. October 2007 fifteen prisoners were executed by shooting inside pulecharkhi prison in kabul, including reza khan june 2011 two mass killers were executed. Afghanistans drug industry united nations office on drugs and. Feb 14, 2019 of course, the punishments for drug trafficking can largely depend on your jurisdiction, and whether you are facing state penalties or federal penalties or perhaps both. Roots, routes and markets several elements facilitate drug trafficking in the mena. Iran executes crocodile drug trafficker addiction center. A threat assessment, the second such report of the united nations office on drugs and crime research project on the topic, covers worldwide flows of afghan opiates, as well as trafficking. If the death penalty were to be struck out generally from every retentionist countrys statute book, executions for drug offences would, in passing, of course be abolished. Capital punishment is reserved for those charged with trafficking 2. At the second ministerial conference on drug trafficking routes from afghanistan held in moscow in june 2006 partners reiterated the need for enhanced and coordinated counter narcotics action to reduce opiates trafficking, consumption and related health problems in the region.

No executions occurred from 2009 to 2011, with 1 in 2012 and 0 in 20. Jul 24, 2019 pakistans geographic location next to afghanistan, the worlds largest producer of illicit opium, places the country in a vulnerable position in terms of drug trafficking. Aug 29, 2020 afghanistan is the source for more than 90 per cent of the worlds heroin supply, much of it destined for europe, according to the united nations. Written by noted terrorism expert frank shanty, the book explores the nature and the extent of involvement between international criminal drug traffickers. Opium production in afghanistan and cocaine production in colombia are at.

Law enforcement against farmers who continue to cultivate opium poppy. The drug lord in vietnam had colluded with chinese and laotian traffickers to make the four biggest networks across all three countries for transporting. Bureau of international narcotics and law enforcement affairs. Iranian deputies push to abolish execution for drugrelated. Sep 05, 2003 afghanistan was the worlds largest source of illicit opium in 2002, producing 3,750 tons, according to the united nations office of drugs and crime. The drug problem in afghanistan has multidimensional aspects with internal and external dynamics. Sydney woman maria exposto has drug conviction and death. Thirty years of americas drug war drug wars frontline. Each chapter examines how drug trafficking affects a particular security issue, such as rogue nations, weak and failing states, protracted intrastate conflicts, terrorism. Article 512 outlined aggravating factors and increased penalties to 16 to 20 years imprisonment for sex trafficking or forced armed fighting and between 20 to 30 years if the victim forced to fight died while subjected to.

It is a trade which may feed narcoterrorism and at worst threaten the overthrow of the state. Drug offences and penalties in queensland queensland law. Although there have been numerous amendments to the constitution, there is yet to be a provision prohibiting the death penalty as a punitive remedy. These activities include cultivation of the illegal drugs followed by their manufacture and eventually their distribution to the consumers. Traffickers find novel ways of smuggling drugs into iran from afghanistan. Since the end of the second world war the strong trend in many parts of the world has been towards such general abolition. Chapter iv drug trafficking offenses and penalties chapter v adjudication of drug related offenses chapter vi search, seizure, and investigation techniques. Content in this archive site is not updated, and links may not function. Iran has been criticized for using the death penalty in a. When the ndps act was enacted in 1985, it did not stipulate death penalty. Mar, 2002 my testimony will focus on the connection between drug trafficking organizations, terrorist groups and the illegal drug profits used to support their activity. Traffickers find novel ways of smuggling drugs into iran from. Drug dealers kill their victims and willingly shoot down enforcement officers.